Ontario Paramedic Practice Exam

Opioid overdose is characterized by several physiological effects, with respiratory depression being one of the most critical and life-threatening outcomes. Opioids act on the central nervous system, particularly the brainstem, where they inhibit the brain's ability to regulate breathing. This results in decreased respiratory rate and depth, leading to inadequate oxygen intake and an accumulation of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream, which can ultimately result in hypoxia and respiratory failure.

The severity of respiratory depression can make it a leading cause of mortality in opioid overdose situations, underscoring the importance of recognizing this symptom quickly in an emergency. Addressing respiratory depression is the priority in managing opioid overdoses, often requiring interventions such as supplemental oxygen, assisted ventilation, or the administration of naloxone to reverse the effects of opioids.

Other symptoms associated with opioid overdose, such as decreased heart rate, can occur but are less prominent than the respiratory distress. Excessive sweating and high fever are not common directly resulting from opioid overdose and may arise from other underlying conditions or complications. Understanding the primary effects of opioids helps first responders to prioritize their approach in emergency situations effectively.