Ontario Paramedic Practice Exam

What is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in adults?

1. Stroke

2. Coronary artery disease

3. Pulmonary embolism

4. Severe trauma

The correct answer is: Coronary artery disease

Coronary artery disease is recognized as the most common cause of cardiac arrest in adults due to its direct impact on the heart's ability to function effectively. This condition arises when coronary arteries become narrowed or blocked, reducing blood flow to the heart muscle. When the heart does not receive adequate oxygenated blood, it may lead to life-threatening arrhythmias or even complete cessation of the heart's pumping action, known as cardiac arrest. This is particularly significant as factors such as atherosclerosis, which can develop over many years, contribute to the prevalence of coronary artery disease among adults, especially those who may have risk factors like high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, and diabetes. These health issues can culminate in a critical situation where the heart stops beating effectively, thus resulting in cardiac arrest. The other potential causes listed, while serious conditions, do not occur with the same frequency as coronary artery disease in the general adult population. Stroke, pulmonary embolism, and severe trauma can contribute to sudden death, but they are far less common as primary causes of cardiac arrest compared to the widespread impact of coronary artery disease. This understanding reinforces the importance of prevention and management of risk factors associated with heart disease in maintaining cardiovascular health.