Ontario Paramedic Practice Exam

What should be suspected in a patient with sudden onset chest pain and shortness of breath?

1. Pulmonary embolism

2. Possible myocardial infarction (heart attack)

3. Anxiety attack

4. Asthma exacerbation

The correct answer is: Possible myocardial infarction (heart attack)

In a patient experiencing sudden onset chest pain and shortness of breath, the suspicion of a possible myocardial infarction (heart attack) is warranted due to the nature of the symptoms, which are hallmark indicators of cardiac distress. Myocardial infarctions are often characterized by severe chest pain, which can describe as pressure, squeezing, or a feeling of fullness, and may be accompanied by shortness of breath, particularly as the body struggles to maintain adequate oxygenation in the event of compromised heart function. The acute presentation of these symptoms often points towards a cardiovascular event that requires immediate attention. Time-sensitive interventions can significantly impact outcomes in patients presenting with heart-related issues. Recognizing the potential for a heart attack enables healthcare providers to establish a rapid response, including advanced cardiac life support measures, such as pain management, oxygen therapy, or preparation for surgical interventions if necessary. While other conditions listed, such as pulmonary embolism and anxiety attacks, may also cause similar symptoms, they typically require different management approaches and may manifest differently upon assessment. For example, pulmonary embolism may involve risk factors like recent immobilization or surgeries. An anxiety attack, although it can cause chest pain, is often accompanied by hyperventilation or panic-related symptoms, which might help to differentiate