Ontario Paramedic Practice Exam

Which sign is a key indicator of hypoglycemia?

1. Chest pain

2. Excessive sweating

3. Confusion or altered mental status

4. Shortness of breath

The correct answer is: Confusion or altered mental status

The key indicator of hypoglycemia is confusion or altered mental status. This occurs because the brain depends heavily on glucose as its primary energy source. When blood sugar levels drop significantly, the brain's ability to function properly is compromised, leading to cognitive impairments such as confusion, disorientation, or even loss of consciousness. This neurological manifestation is particularly critical for recognizing hypoglycemia in a patient, as it directly reflects the impact of low glucose levels on brain function. While excessive sweating can be a symptom of hypoglycemia, it is not as definitive as confusion or altered mental status. Sweating can occur for various reasons beyond hypoglycemia, such as anxiety or heat. Similarly, chest pain and shortness of breath are not specific to hypoglycemia; they can be associated with numerous other medical conditions, including cardiac events or respiratory issues. Therefore, the presence of confusion or altered mental status is a more distinct marker of hypoglycemia that requires immediate medical attention.